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¹éÓàÊÕ§ËÃ×ͷӹͧàÊÕ§ (intonation) ¤×Í ÃдѺàÊÕ§ÊÙ§µèÓÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐ⤠㹡ÒþٴÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉ ¹éÓàÊÕ§ (intonation) à»ç¹ÊÔè§ÊÓ¤Ñ à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹Êèǹ·ÕèãªéºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ ਵ¹Ò¢Í§ ¼Ùé¾Ù´áÅÐÅѡɳТͧ»ÃÐ⤠¶éÒ¼Ùé¾Ù´ãªéÃдѺàÊÕ§¼Ô´ËÃ×͹éÓàÊÕ§¼Ô´ àªè¹ ¤ÇÃãªéÃдѺàÊÕ§»¡µÔ¡ÅѺä»ãªéÃдѺàÊÕ§ÊÙ§ ÍÒ¨·ÓãËé¼Ùé¿Ñ§à¢éÒã¨à¨µ¹Ò¢Í§¼Ùé¾Ù´áÅÐá»Å¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ¢ͧ¤Ó¾Ù´áµ¡µèÒ§ÍÍ¡ä»ä´é «Öè§à»ç¹»ÑËÒ˹Ö觢ͧ¡ÒÃãªéÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉ㹡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒÃ
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¹éÓàÊÕ§ËÃ×ͷӹͧàÊÕ§ (intonation) ÁÕͧ¤ì»ÃСͺ 2 »ÃСÒà ¤×Í ÃдѺàÊÕ§ (pitch levels) áÅлÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¹éÓàÊÕ§ (intonation)
1. ÃдѺàÊÕ§ (pitch levels)
1.1 ÃдѺàÊÕ§ÊÙ§¾ÔàÈÉ (Extra – high pitch level)
1.2 ÃдѺàÊÕ§ÊÙ§ (High pitch level)
1.3 ÃдѺàÊÕ§»¡µÔ (Normal pitch level)
1.4 ÃдѺàÊÕ§µèÓ (Low pitch level)
1 â´Â»¡µÔ´ÃдѺàÊÕ§¾Ù´¨ÐàÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡ÃдѺ·Õè 2 àÊÁÍ àªè¹
• I’m fine. (áÍÁ ä¿é¹Ú)
• I’m fine. (áÍÁ 俹Ú)
• Is she ready? (ÍÕÊ ªÕ àôÕê)
• Are you there? (ÍÒÃì ÂÙ á´ê)
• Can you type? (᤹ ÂÙ ä·é¾Ú)
• How are you? (ÎÒÇ ÍÒÃì ËÂÙè)
¡Ò÷ӤÇÒÁà¢éÒã¨ÃдѺàÊÕ§à»ç¹¾×é¹°Ò¹·ÕèÊӤѢͧ¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ÊÙ§ – µèÓ ÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐâ¤áÅСÒÃàÅ×Í¡ãªé»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¹éÓàÊÕ§ (intonation)
2. »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¹éÓàÊÕ§ (intonation)
â´Â·ÑèÇä»ã¹¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÊÕ§àÃÒÁÑ¡áºè§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¹éÓàÊÕ§ (intonation) ÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐ⤠à»ç¹ 4 »ÃÐàÀ· ¤×Í
2.1 ¹éÓàÊÕ§ŴµèÓ (Falling intonation or Gliding down) à»ç¹¹éÓàÊÕ§·ÕèÁÕÃдѺàÊÕ§ŴËÅÑè¹Å§ÁÒà»ç¹ÃдѺ·Õè 1 àËÁ×͹¡ÒÃŧºÑ¹ä´ àªè¹ ¨Ò¡ÃдѺàÊÕ§ÃдѺ·Õè 3 → 2 → 1 ã¹»ÃÐ⤵èÍ仹Õé
• Who are you?
• What do you want?
• Why does she say like that?
2.2 ¹éÓàÊÕ§äµè¢Öé¹ (Rising intonation or Gliding up) à»ç¹¹éÓàÊÕ§·ÕèàÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡ÃдѺ»¡µÔ áÅÐÊÙ§¢Öé¹à»ç¹ÅӴѺ¢Ñé¹ àªè¹ ¨Ò¡ÃдѺ·Õè 2 → 3 → 3 ã¹»ÃÐ⤵èÍ仹Õé
• Are you O.K?
• Is that your mom?
• Are you sure?
2.3 ¹éÓàÊÕ§¾Ø觢Öé¹ (Take off) à»ç¹¹éÓàÊÕ§·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§ÃдѺàÊÕ§¨Ò¡µèÓÊØ´ä»ÊÙ§ÊØ´ËÃ×ͨҡÃдѺ»¡µÔä»ÂѧÃдѺÊÙ§ÊØ´ÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçǤÅéÒÂÍÒ¡Òâͧà¤Ã×èͧºÔ¹ ËÃ×ͨÃÇ´·Õè¾Ø觵ÑǨҡ¾×é¹´Ô¹ÊÙè¿éÒã¹á¹Ç´Ôè§ÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹ÃдѺàÊÕ§¨Ðà»ÅÕ蹨ҡÃдѺ 1 à»ç¹ 3 ·Ñ¹·Õ ÁÑ¡ãªéã¹»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁẺŴÃÙ» àªè¹
• To me? (ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ·Ù ÁÕé) ãËé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ¢ͧ»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ à·èҡѺ “ãËé¼ÁËÃ×Í?” à»ÃÕºà·Õº¡Ñº
• To me. (ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ·Ù ÁÕ) ãËé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ¢ͧ»ÃÐ⤺͡àÅèÒ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ ÇèÒ “ãËé¼Á”
• To me! (ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ·Ù ÁÕè) ãËé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ¢ͧ»ÃÐ⤤ÓÊÑè§ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ ÇèÒ “ãËé¼ÁÊÔ”
2.4 ¹éÓàÊÕ§´Ôè§Å§ (Diving or Falling – Rising) à»ç¹¹éÓàÊÕ§·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§ÃдѺàÊÕ§¨Ò¡Ê٧ŧÊÙèÃдѺµèӷѹ·Õ ¤ÅéÒÂÍÒ¡Òâͧ¤¹·Õè¾Ø觵ÑÇ´Ó´Ôè§Å֡ŧä»ãµé¹éÓáÅдÓâ¼Åè¢Öé¹ÊÙè¼ÔǹéÓÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ àÊÕ§ Diving ÁÑ¡ãªé㹤Óàµ×͹ (warning) àªè¹
• Don’t take by mouth! ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ´é͹· à·ç¤ ºèÒ àÁéÒ·
• Don’t follow me!
• Please shut up!
ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁà¾×èͤÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨷Õè§èÒÂáÅЪѴਹ㹺·àÃÕ¹¹Õé ¨Ðáºè§¹éÓàÊÕ§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ 2 »ÃÐàÀ·ãËè æ ¤×Í ¹éÓàÊÕ§ŴµèÓ (Falling or Gliding down) áÅйéÓàÊÕ§äµè¢Öé¹ (Rising or Gliding up) à·èÒ¹Ñé¹
¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ìÃÐËÇèÒ§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¹éÓàÊÕ§áÅÐÃÙ»»ÃÐâ¤
ã¹ÀÒÉÒ¾Ù´ »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¹éÓàÊÕ§·Õè¼Ùé¾Ù´ãªéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊӤѵèͤÇÒÁËÁÒÂáÅÐÃÙ»»ÃÐâ¤à»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ ¶éÒãªé¹éÓàÊÕ§µèÒ§»ÃÐàÀ·¡Ñ¹ ¨Ð·ÓãËé¼Ùé¿Ñ§à¢éÒ㨤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂáÅÐਵ¹Ò¢Í§¡ÒþٴᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ÍÍ¡ä» µÑÇÍÂèÒ§àªè¹ ¤Ó “awful” ÊÒÁÒöÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ä´é 2 ẺãËè æ ¤×Í
Awful? àÁ×è;ٴâ´Âãªé¹éÓàÊÕ§»ÃÐàÀ· Rising or Glide up ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ÍÑ¿ ¿ÙéÅ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ áÂèËÃ×Í? (¤Ø³¤Ô´ÇèÒÁѹ) áÂèÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ÃÖ? ¶éÒÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ÊÙ§¨Ðà»ç¹»ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁâ´Âà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁẺŴÃÙ» ¤×Í Å´ÃÙ»ÁÒ¨Ò¡ Do you think it’s awful?
Awful! àÁ×è;ٴâ´Âãªé¹éÓàÊÕ§»ÃÐàÀ· Falling or Glide down ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ÍÑ¿ ¿ÙèÅ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ áÂè¨ÃÔ§ áÂèÁÒ¡ áÂè¹Ð ¼Ùé¾Ù´ãªé¹éÓàÊÕ§µèÓ Ë¹Ñ¡á¹è¹ «Öè§áÊ´§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÁÑè¹ã¨
1. ¹éÓàÊÕ§»ÃÐàÀ·Å´µèÓŧ (Falling or Gliding down) ãªé¡Ñº»ÃÐ⤵èÍ仹Õé
1.1 »ÃÐ⤺͡àÅèÒ àªè¹
• I want to see you.
(ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ äÍ Çé͹· ·Ùè «Õé ËÂÙè)
• I went to the market yesterday.
• Dino goes to school with his friend.
1.2 »ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁ·Õè¢Ö鹵鹴éÇ Question word àªè¹
• What do you want?
(ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ÇéÍ· ´Ùè ÂÙé Çè͹·)
• How old are you?
• How much does your car cost?
1.3 »ÃÐ⤻¯Ôàʸ àªè¹
• I don’t want to go there.
(ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ äÍ ´ê͹· Çé͹ ·Ùè â¡é á´èÃ)
• Susan doesn’t agree with Jim.
• Pom did not go to see the movie last night.
1.4 »ÃÐ⤤ÓÊÑè§ àªè¹
• Please close the door!
(ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ¾ÅÕéª â¤Åéª à´èÍÐ ´ÍÃ)
• Would you please give me your pen?
• Please hand me those books!
2. ¹éÓàÊÕ§»ÃÐàÀ·äµè¢Öé¹ (Rising or Gliding up) ãªé¡ÑºÃÙ»»ÃÐ⤵èÍ仹Õé
2.1 »ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁẺ Yes – No àªè¹
• Are you allright?
(ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ÍèÒÃì ÂÙé ÍÍÅäÃé·)
• Is that car yours?
• Will you go with us?
2.2 »ÃÐ⤤ӶÒÁẺ Question Tag àªè¹
• You can do it, can’t you?
(ÍèÒ¹ÇèÒ ÂÙ á¤é¹ ´Ù ÍÔ·, á¤è¹· ÂÙé)
• Jenny went there before, didn’t she?
• She goes to see the doctor, doesn’t she?
2.3 »ÃÐ⤺͡àÅèÒ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃãªé¤Ó»ÃÐàÀ·à´ÕÂǡѹ àÃÕ§ÅӴѺµèÍà¹×èͧ¡Ñ¹ à¾×èÍà»ç¹ÊÑÒ³ºÍ¡ãËé¤Ùèʹ·¹Ò·ÃÒºÇèÒ¢éͤÇÒÁ¹Ñé¹ÂѧäÁ診ÂѧÁÕ¢éÍÁÙŵèÍà¹×èͧÍÕ¡ àªè¹
• I can see a bed, a lamp,
a pillow, a night dress and pyjamas.
• There are various kinds of fruit:
apple, durian, mango, rambutan, and pineapple.
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Lucy : Why the long face?
Joey : I’ve just heard that I won’t be rehired for next year.
Lucy : That’s awful! What a rotten thing for the management to do.
Joey : I’ll be okay, but Monica is losing her job, too.
Lucy : Oh no, not Monica, too. I’m so sorry to hear that. Who do they
think they are? How can they treat us this way?
Joey : They’re management and they can do whatever they want to. Monica just bought a new house
and I’m sure she’s going to have to sell it.
Lucy : That’s really too bad. I can’t stand it. Listen, I know you’ll be dead
set against the rest of us pulling together to talk to the management, but I think the time has
come.
Joey : I won’t let you or anyone else around here put your jobs on the line to try to save ours. The
management will definitely take a dim view of us workers trying to speak out. Just lay low
and hope that youwon’t lose your job, too.
Lucy : I don’t know what the others think, but I’m not going to take this lying down. If they think
we’re just going to sit here and take it, then they’ve got another think coming!
à¢éÒªÁ : 11489
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